Remember the important ideas

A number can be shown in different ways. We can say it, write it, show it with objects or find it on a number line.

Remember: The value stays the same when the representation changes.

One more means move one step forwards. One less means move one step backwards.

Remember: Use a number line if you are unsure which way to move.

Compare two numbers or groups by looking carefully at how many there are.

Remember: Count each group once before choosing a comparison word.

Addition combines parts. Subtraction finds what is left or the difference between two numbers.

Remember: A missing number can be found by using the related fact.

Multiplication describes equal groups. Division can describe sharing equally or making equal groups.

Remember: Check that every group has the same number.

A half is one of two equal parts. A quarter is one of four equal parts.

Remember: The parts must be equal.

Length tells us how long something is. Height tells us how tall something is. Compare from the same starting point.

Remember: Line up the ends before comparing.

We compare mass by thinking about how heavy objects are. A balance can help us compare them.

Remember: A bigger-looking object is not always heavier.

Capacity tells us how much a container can hold. Compare containers by using the same amount each time.

Remember: Look at how much a container holds, not just its height.

Coins and notes have different values. Read the number and symbol carefully.

Remember: The size or colour of a coin does not tell you its value.

The short hand shows the hour. The long hand points to 12 at o'clock and to 6 at half past.

Remember: Read the short hand carefully when the time is half past.

Chronology means putting events in time order. Dates help us say when something happens.

Remember: Use the order of events to explain what happens first and next.

2-D shapes are flat. 3-D shapes are solid. We can sort shapes by features we can see or describe.

Remember: Name a shape from its properties, not only its orientation.

Position words tell us where something is. Direction words tell us which way it moves.

Remember: Say what the movement is relative to before you describe it.

A whole turn goes all the way around. A half turn faces the opposite way. A quarter turn is one part of four equal turns.

Remember: Use the starting direction to describe where the turn finishes.

We can sort familiar objects into groups using a rule, such as colour or shape. This is a Grasp foundation activity for representing information.

Remember: Say the sorting rule clearly.